The principal theory among these is Bernoulli’s theorem for the conservation of energy in a closed pipe. Basic theories behind differential pressure type flow meters have existed for over a century. The V-Cone flow meter is a differential pressure type flow meter.
#INTOOLS V CONE CALCULATION ISO#
Unlike Venturi tubes, orifice plates and nozzles, which are manufactured to tolerances specified in ISO 5167, cone meters are not manufactured to a specified tolerance and must be individually calibrated before use. One of the downsides of cone meters is the lack of standards governing this type of meter, as they have been a proprietary device, and there has been a lack of independent data available to provide confidence in claimed performance. This benefit is due to the fluid flowing around the cone which is described as “conditioning” the flow. Instead of a contraction in the pipe, the fluid flows around a central cone as shown in the following diagram.Ĭone meters have proved popular as it is claimed they require very little upstream straight pipework before the meter to provide accurate measurements. V-cones) are proprietary meters and are essentially an inverted Venturi tube. These advantages include the ability of the V-Cone meter to operate with very short upstream and downstream straight pipe lengths, to create a low total pressure (or “head loss”), to create a very stable DP, to give a large turn down, to create relatively low signal noise and to cope well with liquid and particulates in the gas stream. These differences give the V-Cone meter important performance advantages. However, there are important differences between the V-Cone meter design and other DP meter types. The flow rate determination is done by applying the laws of conservation of mass and energy. Hence be measuring the upstream pressure, the temperature and the difference in the static pressure between the upstream and the minimum cross sectional areas the flow rate can be determined as long as the fluid properties are known. That is an obstruction in the pipe (i.e., a reduction in the cross sectional area available to the flow) causes an increase in flow velocity and a corresponding reduction in pressure. These meters all work according to the same principle of DP flow devices.
![intools v cone calculation intools v cone calculation](https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/VY0AAOSwLXxhZK9V/s-l300.jpg)
The segment borders must touch all four sides of the image.The V-Cone flow meter like several other popular meters is a differential pressure (or “DP”) meter. NOTE: The cone segment must be oriented such that the target image is symmetrical on the vertical image axis (the dashed line). While the image height is represented by the following formula: w = 2sL– width of target image = twice side length.See the cone example in the following figure.įigure 8: Cone unrolled layout (left d>sL, right d= sL, the width of the image is twice the side length: The cone is characterized by a sharp tip on either the top or the bottom, so that one of the diameters (top or bottom, D, or d) is zero. This deviation can be helpful when existing objects are used by cutting, unrolling, and scanning.Ī cone is another special case of a generic conical shape. This formula defines that the actual bitmap aspect ratio can deviate by 2% from the required computed ratio. The aspect ratio of the bitmap image can be computed using the following formula:Īspect ratio = bitmapWidth / bitmapHeight = w / h ± 2% height = (D' / 2) ((1 + sin ( (π/2) - (2D - D') / D' ) )Īspect ratio of the cylinder’s side image.In the case where D-d = sL, the following equations apply: The width and height of the image for the cylinder s side surface can be computed from the given parameters and from the computed values for the constructing circles. Width and height of the cylinder’s side image The construction of the flat image is similar to Case 1 but uses this figure as a reference. In the following case, the difference between the Top and B ottom diameters is smaller than the S ide Lengthįigure 6: Planar construction of body part shape – generic case II
![intools v cone calculation intools v cone calculation](https://www.drurylandetheatre.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/V-cone-flow-meter.jpg)
The following sections are divided into Case 1 and Case 2, which describe two methods of computing the width and height of the enclosed image.įigure 4: Two different possible generic cases of a cylindrical object mantle surface (left D-d sL) Case 1 All other instances (cones, for example) are variations on these shapes. The following figure shows two different shapes for the flat side surface. General Case - Construction of the Flat Cylinder Body